苏州新概念英语培训哪家好
1.The modern city
The modern city的作者是法国著名外科医生Alexis Carrel(同时他也是1912年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者),新四的这篇文章选自他的书籍Man, the Unknown,书中主要讨论了现代社会面临的主要问题以及作者对此的解决方案。
在The modern city一文中他列举了大城市带来的一系列问题,比如缺乏人文关怀、空气和噪音污染、过度拥挤等等。其中有这样的句子:
The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and ofdark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases,torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, andthronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.
大得吓人的高楼和阴暗狭窄的街道组成了今日现代化的城市。街道上充斥着汽油味和有毒气体,出租汽车、卡车和公共汽车的噪音刺耳难忍,络绎不绝的人群挤来挤去。显然,现代化的城市不是为居民的利益而规划的。
**个长句中torn by…buses以及thronged…crowds是过去分词作定语修饰前面的streets,句子用了一系列形容词和动词来说明城市存在的各种问题:monstrous edifices,dark, narrow streets,torn by the noise,thronged ceaselessly by great crowds,从这里的用词也可以很明显地看出作者对大城市的感情,比如monstrous一词虽然可以用来形容物体巨大,但它通常带有贬义,例如: a monstrous copper edifice 又大又难看的铜制建筑物,如果我们想要表达“大厦宏伟壮观”这一积极含义,就不能说a monstrous edifice,而要说an imposing edifice
此外,throng一词在这里用得很准,它作名词时是指“一大群人”,作为动词时则是指“(人群)蜂拥,挤满”(thronged在这里的动词用法也正好与前面的torn保持一致),例如:Tourists thronged the bars and restaurants. 游客挤满酒吧和餐馆。
如果将原文改为:
The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and full of great crowds.
句子读起来显然没有原句生动。
2.Snake poison
Snake poison是一篇科普短文,文章节选自英国作家John Battersby Crompton Lamburn的书籍The snake,Snake poison主要对蛇毒进行介绍。文章开头有这样两句话:
How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.
蛇是怎样产生毒液的,这是一个谜。蛇的唾液本来和我们人的消化液一样柔和,但经过漫长的时间演变成了今天仍无法分析清楚的毒液。
第二句中a mild, digestive juice like our own是作为名词saliva的同位语,a poison that defies analysis even today其中that引导定语从句,修饰a poison(poison在此处是可数名词,表示“具体的某种毒液”,句子前面还出现了 manufactured poison 的说法,这里poison则是不可数名词,泛指“毒液”)
句子后面的defy analysis这个说法很有意思。Defy原本的意思是“向……挑战,反抗”,a poison defies analysis表面意思是“毒液向分析挑战”,引申为“毒液无法被分析清楚”。类似的我们还可以说defy description/explanation,例如:The beauty of the scene defies description. 这里风景优美,无法形容。
这里defy的主语是物,而不是人,英语中类似这样的用法还有不少。举个例子,“她未能获得金牌”怎么说?你可能会想到:
She failed to win the gold medal.
但其实还可以说:
The gold medal eluded her.
又比如“他内心充满了胜利感”,可以说:
He felt a sense of victory.
但也可以用victory作为主语:
Victory filled him.
使用物而不是人作为主语有时候会使得句子更加简洁生动,同学们平时在阅读时可以多留意此类用法。
3.Knowledge and progress
Knowledge and progress一文出自英国数学家和物理学家George Nugent Merle Tyrrell之手,这是一篇思辨性很强的文章,主要讨论了知识和进步之间的关系。从几万年前到现在,人类的智商并没有经历很大变化,为什么科技的发展会如此之快?这是因为语言和文字的出现使得知识得以被传播和储存,进而产生了知识积累的复利效应:
Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.
Libraries在这里并不是指图书馆,而是指“藏书”(a collection of books),即:藏书使教育成为可能,而教育反过来又丰富了藏书。对于知识的的增长,作者用了一个经济学概念:compound interest law,复利法则,又称为雪球效应,即以本金加上未付的利息为基数计算的利息,增长速度很快。
作者用这个概念能够很形象地说明知识的增长速度之快。
对于人类飞速增长的知识,作者还提出了一个隐忧:知识是一把双刃剑,可以用来造福,也可以用来危害,但现在人们正漫不经心地把知识用于这两方面:
As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both.
上面**个句子中as作为关系代词,指代knowledge is a…or evil这一整句话。Something is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. 是一个很经典的句式,可以用来描述具有两面性的事物,例如the internet/nuclear technology/genetic engineering等等,写作时可以灵活应用。
**后作者提出了自己的观点:
We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.
我们必须严肃对待这些日益增长的知识,在应用时保持谨慎,否则会产生意想不到的严重后果。
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